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Rumford fireplace : ウィキペディア英語版 | Rumford fireplace
The Rumford fireplace is a tall, shallow fireplace designed by Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, an Anglo-American physicist best known for his investigations of heat. Its shallow, angled sides are designed to reflect heat into the room, and streamlined throat minimizes turbulence, thereby carrying away smoke with little loss of heated room air. ==History== Rumford applied his knowledge of heat to the improvement of fireplaces in the 1790s. He made them smaller and shallower with widely angled covings so they would radiate better. And he streamlined the throat, or in his words "rounded off the breast" so as to "remove those local hindrances which forcibly prevent the smoke from following its natural tendency to go up the chimney..." Rumford wrote two papers〔''The Collected Works of Count Rumford; Vol. 2''; Sanborn Brown, ed.; Harvard Univ. Press; 1969〕〔(http://www.rumford.com/chimneyfireplacesa.html )〕 detailing his improvements on fireplaces in 1796 and 1798. He was well known and widely read in his lifetime and almost immediately in the 1790s his "Rumford fireplace" became state-of-the-art worldwide. Subsequent testing of Rumford's designs has shown that their efficiency would qualify them as clean-burning stoves.
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